Italy has witnessed a significant increase in migrant arrivals, with a 30% rise in the number of people reaching its shores in recent months.
The vast majority of these migrants—approximately 90%—come from Libya, making the North African country the dominant source of migration across the Central Mediterranean. Among these, the largest group hails from Bangladesh.
The perilous journey across the Mediterranean remains a deadly route. In 2024, nearly 1,700 people tragically lost their lives while attempting to cross. The conditions for migrants are harsh, with overcrowded boats, dangerous sea conditions, and the lack of adequate rescue operations making the journey even more treacherous.
The issue of migration has become central to political debates in Libya. However, it remains a sensitive and somewhat taboo subject within the country. While political factions frequently address the situation, solutions are elusive, and discussions often overlook the root causes driving so many to risk their lives for a better future in Europe. These include ongoing conflict, economic hardship, and instability in Libya, as well as the broader geopolitical challenges facing North Africa.
Libya’s role as a hub for migrant flows is largely a consequence of its geographical position. The country acts as a transit point for migrants seeking to reach Europe. Despite attempts by the European Union to curb irregular migration through cooperation with Libyan authorities, the situation on the ground remains precarious. Migrants are often subjected to abuse, exploitation, and detention, either by smugglers or by Libyan forces, who have been criticized for human rights violations.
The political response to the migration crisis remains divided within Italy and Europe, with various factions proposing different approaches to address both the humanitarian needs and the security concerns related to the influx of migrants. The Libyan government’s response to the migration issue remains complex, with many factions either indirectly or directly benefiting from migrant smuggling networks, further complicating efforts to tackle the crisis.
As the number of arrivals continues to rise, the migration issue is expected to remain a key focus in both Libyan politics and European discussions, but the lack of a unified solution leaves many uncertainties about the future of this migration route across the Central Mediterranean.